In order to connect to another host, you need to make a socket. To do so, you need to know 2 things:

• The type of address.
• The type of data being transmitted.

Connections

Each endpoint of a network connection is always represented by a host and port

• In Python you write it out as a tuple (host,port)

("www.python.org",80)

("205.172.13.4",443)

• In almost all of the network programs you’ll write, you use this convention to specify a network address

The Address Family

The type of address determines the "address family". We typically use IPv4 or IPv6, though many others exist. For IPv4 and IPv6 we will use the following constants:

• AF_INET
• AF_INET6

In python, these are constants defined as part of the socket module.